Diagnostic Blood Test:

• Diabetes Autoimmune Profile:
  • Insulin Antibodies
  • Anti GAD 65 Antibodies
  • IA-2 Autoantibodies
  • ZNT8 Antibodies
  • Type 1 Diabetes Interpretation

The Diabetes Autoimmune Profile is a specialized blood test designed to detect specific autoantibodies associated with autoimmune diabetes, particularly Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). This comprehensive panel includes measurements of Insulin Antibodies, Anti-GAD 65 Antibodies, IA-2 Autoantibodies, and Zinc Transporter 8 (ZnT8) Antibodies. By identifying the presence and levels of these autoantibodies, the profile aids in the accurate diagnosis, differentiation, and management of autoimmune diabetes, facilitating personalized treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes.

• Insulin Antibodies:

  • Measures the presence of antibodies targeting insulin, the hormone responsible for regulating blood glucose levels. Elevated Insulin Antibodies are indicative of an autoimmune response against insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. High levels are commonly associated with newly diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes and can also be present in patients treated with exogenous insulin therapy.

• Anti-GAD 65 Antibodies (Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65):

  • Assesses antibodies against the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase, which is involved in neurotransmitter synthesis. Anti-GAD 65 Antibodies are highly specific markers for autoimmune diabetes. Elevated levels are associated with Type 1 Diabetes and can help differentiate it from Type 2 Diabetes and other forms of diabetes.

• IA-2 Autoantibodies (Insulinoma-Associated-2 Autoantibodies):

  • Detects antibodies against the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like insulinoma-associated protein 2. IA-2 Autoantibodies are strong indicators of autoimmune diabetes. Their presence is associated with a more aggressive autoimmune response and a higher likelihood of rapid progression to insulin dependence.

• ZnT8 Antibodies (Zinc Transporter 8):

  • Measures antibodies against zinc transporter 8, a protein involved in insulin storage and secretion in pancreatic beta cells. ZnT8 Antibodies are relatively newer markers in autoimmune diabetes detection. Their presence enhances the sensitivity and specificity of the Diabetes Autoimmune Profile, particularly in cases where other autoantibodies are absent.

• Type 1 Diabetes Interpretation:

  • An integrated analysis of the autoantibody profile to determine the likelihood and progression of Type 1 Diabetes. The combined presence and levels of these autoantibodies provide a comprehensive assessment of autoimmune activity against pancreatic beta cells. This interpretation aids in confirming the diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes, predicting disease onset in high-risk individuals, and differentiating it from other diabetes types.