Celiac Disease Antibody Profile (tTG IgA, tTG IgG, DGP IgA, DGP IgG, EMA IgA, Total IgA)

Diagnostic Blood Test:

• Celiac Antibodies Profile:
  • tTG IgA
  • tTG IgG
  • DGP IgA
  • DGP IgG
  • EMA IgA
  • Total IgA

The Celiac Antibodies Profile is a comprehensive blood test designed to detect specific antibodies associated with celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten. This profile includes measurements of various immunoglobulins that target components of gluten and the intestinal lining, aiding in the accurate diagnosis and management of celiac disease. Early detection through this profile is crucial for preventing long-term complications and improving the quality of life for affected individuals.

Components of the Celiac Antibodies Profile:

• tTG IgA (Tissue Transglutaminase IgA):

  • Measures Immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies against tissue transglutaminase, an enzyme involved in the modification of gluten peptides. Elevated tTG IgA levels are highly specific for celiac disease and are considered the primary screening test. High levels indicate an autoimmune response against the intestinal lining triggered by gluten ingestion.

• tTG IgG (Tissue Transglutaminase IgG):

  • Assesses Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against tissue transglutaminase. Useful in individuals with selective IgA deficiency, a condition more common in celiac patients. Elevated tTG IgG levels support the diagnosis of celiac disease when IgA-based tests are inconclusive.

• DGP IgA (Deamidated Gliadin Peptide IgA):

  • Measures IgA antibodies against deamidated gliadin peptides, which are gluten-derived proteins. DGP IgA is sensitive in detecting celiac disease, especially in young children and in cases where tTG IgA levels are borderline. It complements tTG IgA in enhancing diagnostic accuracy.

• DGP IgG (Deamidated Gliadin Peptide IgG):

  • Evaluates IgG antibodies against deamidated gliadin peptides. Similar to DGP IgA, DGP IgG is valuable in patients with IgA deficiency. Elevated levels indicate an immune response to gluten, supporting the diagnosis of celiac disease.

• EMA IgA (Endomysial Antibody IgA):

  • Detects IgA antibodies against endomysium, the connective tissue surrounding muscle fibers.EMA IgA has high specificity for celiac disease and is often used as a confirmatory test following positive tTG IgA results. Positive EMA IgA strongly suggests celiac disease.

• Total IgA:

  • Measures the overall level of Immunoglobulin A in the blood – essential for identifying IgA deficiency, which can lead to false-negative results in IgA-based celiac antibody tests. Normal or elevated total IgA levels ensure the reliability of IgA-based assays.

The Celiac Antibodies Profile is instrumental in diagnosing celiac disease by identifying specific antibody responses to gluten ingestion. Elevated levels of tTG IgA, DGP IgA, and EMA IgA are strong indicators of the disease.